Monocentric analysis of risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected with pulmonary aspergillosis

Objective To investigate the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis co-infected with pulmonary aspergillosis (PTB-CPA).

Methods Ninety-eight pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled and categorized into infection group (n=28) and control group (n=70) based on aspergillosis co-infection status. Clinical data from both groups were collected, and univariate analysis was performed to identify statistically significant factors.

Results Independent risk factors for PTB-CPA included age ≥60 years (OR=4.056; 95%CI, 1.062 to 17.037), male sex (OR=0.121; 95%CI, 0.022 to 0.514), prolonged dust exposure (OR=22.476; 95%CI, 3.966 to 192.02), recurrent broad-spectrum antibiotic use (OR=5.372; 95%CI, 1.364 to 25.957), concurrent bronchiectasis (OR=6.889; 95%CI, 1.605 to 34.065), and body mass index (BMI) ≤22 kg/m² (OR=7.813; 95%CI, 1.735 to 44.447).

Conclusion Pulmonary tuberculosis patients with age ≥60 years, gender of male, prolonged dust exposure, recurrent broad-spectrum antibiotic use, concurrent bronchiectasis, and BMI ≤22 kg/m² exhibit increased susceptibility to aspergillosis co-infection. A nomogram model effectively predicts PTB-CPA risk, and early identification of these factors may enhance diagnostic accuracy.