Abstract: Objective To explore the value of video electroencephalogram combined with neuron specific enolase(NSE)detection in the diagnosis of children with febrile convulsions. Methods Totally 140 children with febrile convulsions were divided into complex group(n=80, cases with recurrent febrile convulsions)and simple group(n=60, cases with simple febrile convulsions), and 70 healthy children with physical examination in the same period were selected as control group. All children were conducted with NSE detection at 12 and 48 hours after onset of disease, and were dynamically monitored for 7 days by video electroencephalography after hospital admission. Results There were significant differences in temporal distribution and abnormal sites of electroencephalogram between simple group and complex group(P<0.05). The incidence of epilepsy within half a year in complex group was significantly higher than that in simple group(P<0.05). The serum NSE level of complex group was significantly higher than that of simple group and control group(P<0.05). The diagnostic accuracy of video electroencephalogram combined with NSE was significantly higher than that of single examination(P<0.05). Conclusion Video electroencephalography combined with NSE detection has a high accuracy in diagnosis of children with febrile convulsions.