Abstract: Objective To analyze correlation between chalazion and serum vitamin level, diet habits in children. Methods A total of 98 children with chalazion before operation were selected as observation group, and 98 children with strabismus or trichiasis in the same period were selected as control group. Blood samples were collected from the children of two groups, and their serum vitamin levels were measured. Results The serum vitamin A level was(0.65±0.13)μmol/L in the observation group, and was(0.71±0.18)μmol/L in the control group, and the difference in serum vitamin A level was statistically significant(P<0.05), but the serum vitamin B₁, C, D, E levels of the two groups showed no statistical significant differences(P>0.05). In the observation group, the children with multiple cysts had lower serum vitamin A level than those with single cyst(P<0.05). There were no significant differences in ratio of high calorie food intake, preference in staple food intake or snacks, meat or vegetables and food intake preference between the two groups(P>0.05). Conclusion The incidence of chalazion, especially multiple cysts, is significantly correlated with low vitamin A level in children. Dietary habits is not the independent risk factor for children with chalazion.