Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of early micro-porous surgery in the treatment of patients with encephaledema after small-and moderate-volume basal ganglia hemorrhage and its influence on serum inflammatory factors.Methods A total of 104 patients with small-and moderate-volume basal ganglia hemorrhage were randomly divided into control group and observation group,52 cases in each group.Control group was treated with conventional treatment,while observation group was treated with early micro-porous surgery.The volume of encephaledema and clearance time of hematoma 3 d and 14 d after treatment were observed in both groups.The levels of serum interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-13 and tumor necrosis factors-α (TNF-o) were detected before treatment and 3 d after treatment in both groups.National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Activities of Daily Life Function Assessment Scale Barthel index (BI) were used before and 3 weeks after treatment to evaluate patients' neurological function.Results The 3 d and 14 d after treatment,observation group was significantly smaller in volume of encephaledema (P ＜ 0.05) and shorter in clearance time of hematoma (P ＜0.01) when compared with control group.Three days after treatment,levels of serum IL-6,IL-1 β and TNF-α decreased significantly in both groups,which decreased more significantly in observation group than in control group (P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).Three weeks after treatment,NIHSS score decreased significantly while BI increased significantly in both groups,which improved more significantly in observation group than in control group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Early micro-porous surgery can significantly relieve the severity of encephaledema after intracerebral hemorrhage,and has greater advantages in recovering patients' neurological function.